Treatment of acetabular anterior column fracture with percutaneous screw fixation with laser-assisted axial fluoroscopy / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of percutaneous screw fixation for acetabular anterior column fracture with laser-assisted axial fluoroscopy.Methods:Data of 20 patients (22 sided) with acetabular anterior column fracture treated by percutaneous screw fixation with laser-assisted axial fluoroscopy from January 2017 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 11 males and 9 females with an average of 42.1±3.2 years (range, 24-68 years). There were 7 cases of unilateral acetabular anterior column fracture, 2 cases of bilateral acetabular anterior column fracture (4 sides), 7 cases of anterior column with ipsilateral sacral fracture, and 4 cases of anterior column with sacroiliac joint injury. There were 3 hips of Area I, 6 Area II, 13 Area III of acetabular anterior column fractures according to Nakatani partition. The time from injury to surgery was 5 days (range, 3-11 days). All patients with acetabular anterior column fractures were fixed by percutaneous screw fixation with laser-assisted axial fluoroscopy, and patients with sacral fracture or sacroiliac joint injury were fixed by percutaneous sacroiliac screws with Starr frame-assisted reduction. The time of operation, the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy and the amount of intraoperative bleeding were recorded. Matta scoring criteria were used to assess fracture reduction quality, and hip function was assessed at the last follow-up according to the modified Merle D' Aubigné and Postel scoring system.Results:The average operative time was 22±10 min (range, 20-40 min) with an average times of intraoperative fluoroscopy of 30±8 times (range, 21-45 times), and the amount of intraoperative blood loss was 20±5 ml (range, 10-40 ml). 20 patients were followed up after operation for a period of 14±3.1 months (range, 12-18 months). The quality of postoperative fracture reduction was assessed according to the Matta acetabular fracture reduction criteria: anatomical reduction in 18 hips, satisfactory reduction in 2 hips, unsatisfactory reduction in 2 hips, with an excellent and good rate of 91% (20/22). The fracture healing time was 13±2.2 weeks (range, 11-16 weeks). At the lastest follow-up, hip function was assessed according to the modified Merle D' Aubigné and Postel scoring system: excellent 18, good 3, fair 1, and the satisfactory rate was 95%(21/22). No major neurological, vascular injury, wound infection and ectopic ossification were found during follow-up.Conclusion:Using laser-assisted axial fluoroscopy percutaneous screw to treat acetabular anterior column fracture, the operation is simple. And there is low risk to damage important blood vessels and nerves. This method can shorten the operation time of acetabular anterior column fracture, reduce the amount of blood loss during the operation, and the outcome is satisfactory.

Minimal invasive subcutaneous internal fixator in treatment of anterior pelvic ring instability-analysis of effects and complications / 中华骨科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the incidence of complications following minimal invasive subcutaneous internal fixator (INFIX) for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring instability, and to analyze control measures.@*Methods@#Data of 42 patients with anterior pelvic ring instability who were treated by anterior subcutaneous internal fixation in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 females and 27 males with an average age of 45.4 years (range, 18-67 years). There were 26 traffic injuries, 10 falling injuries, 3 crush injuries and 3 low energy injuries. According to Tile classification, 24 cases of B2 type, 16 cases of B3 type, 1 case of C1 type and 1 case of C2 type. According to Young-Burgess classification, there were 20 cases of LCI, 18 cases of LCII, 1 case of LCIII, 1 case of APCI, 1 case of APCII, and 1 case of VS. Fourteen cases were combined with limb fractures, and 11 cases were combined with thoracic or abdominal injuries requiring surgical treatment, while 16 cases were with brain injuries. For type APC2, LC1, and some LC2 fractures, fixation for the anterior pelvic ring is enough with INFIX technique alone. For some LC2, LC3, or VS fractures, the anterior and posterior ring were both fixed. Postoperative reduction was evaluated by Matta radiological criteria. Lateral thigh numbness and pain, quadriceps muscle power were recorded during follow-up, and clinical efficacy was evaluated by Majeed score at 6 months after operation.@*Results@#All the 42 patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, with an average of 9.3 months. Matta standard evaluation for fracture reduction showed that 28 cases were excellent, 14 cases good, and the excellent and good rate was 100%. The early complication rate (within 3 month after operation) was 23.8% (10/42) including 6 cases of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury and 2 cases of femoral nerve injury. The symptoms were obviously relieved after the treatment of nutrient nerve and hyperbaric oxygen; 1 case had incision infection which was healed after anti-infection therapy and internal plant removal; 1 case suffered from superior gluteal artery injury which was controlled by pressure hemostasis. Six months after surgery, no case had lost reduction. At 6 months follow-up, the Majeed score was 72-96, with an average of 84.96, of which 32 were excellent and 10 were good, thus the excellent and good rate was 100% (42/42).@*Conclusion@#INFIX is an effective internal fixation method for the treatment of unstable anterior pelvic ring injury. However, it has a high rate of early complications, among which nerve injury has the highest incidence.

Preliminary application of Starr reduction framecombined with O-arm navigation systemin the treatment ofcomplex pelvic fractures / 中华骨科杂志

Objective@#To investigate the feasibility and short term clinical efficacy of early minimally invasive treatment of complex pelvic trauma with Starr reduction frame combined with O-arm navigation system.@*Methods@#From June 2017 to December 2018, thirty two patients with Tile C complex pelvic fractures were prospectively divided into two groups according to the random number table. The open treatment group included 17 cases (open reduction and internal fixation group; 10 males and 7 females, age 24-60 years, average 37±6.5 years; according to Tile classification, 8 cases of C1 type, 8 cases of C2 type and 1 case of C3 type; according to the Denis classification of sacral fractures, 9 cases in zone I, 6 cases in zone II and 2 cases in zone III). The combined treatment group included 15 cases (Starr reduction frame group combined with O-arm navigation system, 8 males and 7 females, age 32-57 years, average 40±5.2 years; according to Tile classification, 8 cases of C1 type, 6 cases of C2 type and 1 case of C3 type; according to the Denis classification of sacral fractures, 8 cases in zone I, 5 cases in zone II and 2 cases in zone III). The ilioinguinal and Stoppa approaches were used in the open treatment group, and the anterior and posterior ring injuries were fixed with reconstruction plate screws and hollow screws, respectively. In the combined treatment group, starr frame was used to assist reduction, combined with "O" arm navigation technique, infix internal fixation frame, superior pubic branch screw, sacroilium screw were used to fix the anterior and posterior ring injury. The quality of pelvic fracture reduction was evaluated by the Matta scoring system, and the Majeed score was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy.@*Results@#All patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months. The hospitalization time (45±11 d), operation time (220.0±49.4 min) and fracture healing time (24.0±5.6 weeks) in the open treatment group were longer than those in the combined treatment group (21±9 d, 180.0±24.2 min, 16.1±3.8 weeks), and the intraoperative blood loss (820.0±140.4 ml) was significantly higher than that in the combined treatment group (24.0±10.4 ml)(t=6.651, 2.772, 6.128, 22.874; all P< 0.05). According to Matta scoring system, in the open treatment group, there are 8 excellent cases, 6 good cases, 2 fair cases, 1 poor case, thus the excellent and good rate was 82.4%(14/17). While 9 cases were excellent, 5 good, 1 fair, and the excellent and good rate was 93.3% (14/15) in the combined treatment group. At the latest follow-up, Majeed score was 51-85 points in the open treatment group, including excellent in 8 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 2 cases, poor in 1 case, thus the excellent and good rate 82.4% (14/17), and the Majeed score was 75-95 points in the combined treatment group, including excellent in 9 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 1 case, thus excellent and good rate 93.3% (14/15). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups of Matta score and Majeed score (χ2=0.034, 0.040; P< 0.05). Surgical infection occurred in 4 cases in the open treatment group and healed after debridement and treatment with sensitive antibiotics. The incidence of complications was 23.5% (4/17). In the combined treatment group, 2 cases had anterolateral thigh skin sensory loss after operation, and the symptoms were relieved after mannitol, mecobalamine treatment and removal of internal fixations. One patient had hematoma of the gluteus maximus muscle after operation. The result of angiography showed that the INFIX screw was too long and perforated near the foramen of the ischium, resulting from the injury of the superior gluteal artery. After stopping the use of anticoagulant, intravenous infusion of tranexamic acid, blood transfusion, etc., the patient was cured and discharged from hospital. The incidence of complications was 20.0% (3/15). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups.@*Conclusion@#With the help of starr reduction frame, the early reduction and minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fracture can be realized, and the amount of intraoperative bleeding can be reduced. The combined application of "o" arm navigation can improve the accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw and anterior column screw placement, reduce the radiation dose and frequency of operators and patients, shorten the operation time and improve the curative effect.

Minimal invasive subcutaneous internal fixator in treatment of anterior pelvic ring instability?analysis of effects and complications / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the incidence of complications following minimal invasive subcutaneous internal fixator (INFIX) for the treatment of anterior pelvic ring instability, and to analyze control measures. Methods Data of 42 patients with anterior pelvic ring instability who were treated by anterior subcutaneous internal fixation in our hospital from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 15 females and 27 males with an average age of 45.4 years (range, 18-67 years). There were 26 traffic injuries, 10 falling injuries, 3 crush injuries and 3 low energy injuries. According to Tile classi?fication, 24 cases of B2 type, 16 cases of B3 type, 1 case of C1 type and 1 case of C2 type. According to Young?Burgess classifica?tion, there were 20 cases of LCI, 18 cases of LCII, 1 case of LCIII, 1 case of APCI, 1 case of APCII, and 1 case of VS. Fourteen cas?es were combined with limb fractures, and 11 cases were combined with thoracic or abdominal injuries requiring surgical treat?ment, while 16 cases were with brain injuries. For type APC2, LC1, and some LC2 fractures, fixation for the anterior pelvic ring is enough with INFIX technique alone. For some LC2, LC3, or VS fractures, the anterior and posterior ring were both fixed. Postoper?ative reduction was evaluated by Matta radiological criteria. Lateral thigh numbness and pain, quadriceps muscle power were re? corded during follow?up, and clinical efficacy was evaluated by Majeed score at 6 months after operation. Results All the 42 pa?tients were followed up for 6 to 12 months, with an average of 9.3 months. Matta standard evaluation for fracture reduction showed that 28 cases were excellent, 14 cases good, and the excellent and good rate was 100% . The early complication rate (within 3 month after operation) was 23.8% (10/42) including 6 cases of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury and 2 cases of femoral nerve injury. The symptoms were obviously relieved after the treatment of nutrient nerve and hyperbaric oxygen; 1 case had incision in?fection which was healed after anti?infection therapy and internal plant removal; 1 case suffered from superior gluteal artery injury which was controlled by pressure hemostasis. Six months after surgery, no case had lost reduction. At 6 months follow?up, the Ma?jeed score was 72-96, with an average of 84.96, of which 32 were excellent and 10 were good, thus the excellent and good rate was 100% (42/42). Conclusion INFIX is an effective internal fixation method for the treatment of unstable anterior pelvic ring inju?ry. However, it has a high rate of early complications, among which nerve injury has the highest incidence.

Preliminary application of Starr reduction framecombined with O?arm navigation systemin the treatment ofcomplex pelvic fractures / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility and short term clinical efficacy of early minimally invasive treatment of complex pelvic trauma with Starr reduction frame combined with O?arm navigation system. Methods From June 2017 to De?cember 2018, thirty two patients with Tile C complex pelvic fractures were prospectively divided into two groups according to the random number table. The open treatment group included 17 cases (open reduction and internal fixation group; 10 males and 7 fe?males, age 24-60 years, average 37±6.5 years;according to Tile classification, 8 cases of C1 type, 8 cases of C2 type and 1 case of C3 type; according to the Denis classification of sacral fractures, 9 cases in zone I, 6 cases in zone II and 2 cases in zone III). The combined treatment group included 15 cases (Starr reduction frame group combined with O?arm navigation system, 8 males and 7 females, age 32-57 years, average 40±5.2 years; according to Tile classification, 8 cases of C1 type, 6 cases of C2 type and 1 case of C3 type; according to the Denis classification of sacral fractures, 8 cases in zone I, 5 cases in zone II and 2 cases in zone III). The ilioinguinal and Stoppa approaches were used in the open treatment group, and the anterior and posterior ring injuries were fixed with reconstruction plate screws and hollow screws, respectively. In the combined treatment group, starr frame was used to assist reduction, combined with "O" arm navigation technique, infix internal fixation frame, superior pubic branch screw, sacro?ilium screw were used to fix the anterior and posterior ring injury. The quality of pelvic fracture reduction was evaluated by the Matta scoring system, and the Majeed score was used to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results All patients were followed up for 6 to 12 months. The hospitalization time (45±11 d), operation time (220.0±49.4 min) and fracture healing time (24.0±5.6 weeks) in the open treatment group were longer than those in the combined treatment group (21±9 d, 180.0±24.2 min, 16.1±3.8 weeks), and the intraoperative blood loss (820.0±140.4 ml) was significantly higher than that in the combined treatment group (24.0±10.4 ml) (t=6.651, 2.772, 6.128, 22.874; all P<0.05). According to Matta scoring system, in the open treatment group, there are 8 excellent cases, 6 good cases, 2 fair cases, 1 poor case, thus the excellent and good rate was 82.4%(14/17). While 9 cases were excellent, 5 good, 1 fair, and the excellent and good rate was 93.3% (14/15) in the combined treatment group. At the latest follow?up, Majeed score was 51-85 points in the open treatment group, including excellent in 8 cases, good in 6 cases, fair in 2 cases, poor in 1 case, thus the excellent and good rate 82.4% (14/17), and the Majeed score was 75-95 points in the combined treatment group, includ?ing excellent in 9 cases, good in 5 cases, fair in 1 case, thus excellent and good rate 93.3% (14/15). There was a statistically signifi?cant difference between the two groups of Matta score and Majeed score (χ2=0.034, 0.040; P<0.05). Surgical infection occurred in 4 cases in the open treatment group and healed after debridement and treatment with sensitive antibiotics. The incidence of compli?cations was 23.5% (4/17). In the combined treatment group, 2 cases had anterolateral thigh skin sensory loss after operation, and the symptoms were relieved after mannitol, mecobalamine treatment and removal of internal fixations. One patient had hematoma of the gluteus maximus muscle after operation. The result of angiography showed that the INFIX screw was too long and perforated near the foramen of the ischium, resulting from the injury of the superior gluteal artery. After stopping the use of anticoagulant, in?travenous infusion of tranexamic acid, blood transfusion, etc., the patient was cured and discharged from hospital. The incidence of complications was 20.0% (3/15). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups. Conclusion With the help of starr reduction frame, the early reduction and minimally invasive treatment of pelvic fracture can be realized, and the amount of intraoperative bleeding can be reduced. The combined application of "o" arm navigation can im?prove the accuracy and safety of sacroiliac screw and anterior column screw placement, reduce the radiation dose and frequency of operators and patients, shorten the operation time and improve the curative effect.

Clinical study of bone transport combined with bone graft and internal fixation at the docking site in the treatment of large segmental bone defect in lower limb / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To explore the feasibility and clinical value of Ilizarov bone transport technique combined with bone graft and internal fixation at the docking site in the treatment of large segmental bone defect of the lower limbs.Methods Thirty patients with large lower limbs bone defects were prospectively divided into two groups according to the random number table:pure bone transport group (Ilizarov bone transport technique alone,n=lS,10 males and 5 females,average age 34.4±4.6 years old,2 cases bone defect of femur,13 cases tibia,and the length of bone defect 6.2±2.4 cm),and combined bone transport group (Ilizarov bone transport technique with bone graft and internal fixation at the docking site,n=lS,12 males and 3 females with the average age of 33.8±5.2 years,1 case of bone defect and 14 tibia,and the length of bone defect 6.5±2.2 cm).The preoperative hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee functional scores,Baird-Jackson ankle function scores,external fixation time,external fixation index,bone union time,bone union index,postoperative ASAMI scores and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results All patients were followed up for 9 to 24 months (mean 16.2 months).Pure bone transport group was followed up for 9 to 24 months (mean 16.2 months),and combined bone transport group was 10 to 24 months (mean 16.4 months).In pure bone transport group,the external fixation time was 17.6±5.4 months,and the bone union time was 11.2±3.1 months with the average bone union index 42.4±4.6 d/cm.While in combined bone transport group,the external fixation time of group B was 8.4± 2.1 months,and the bone union time was 7.2±2.1 months with the average bone union index 21.1±2.7 d/cm.The external fixation index of pure bone transport group was 32.4±2.1 d/cm,while in combined bone transport group it was 32.1±2.5 d/cm,and there was no significant difference between these two groups (t=0.812,P=0.884).According to the bone and function score of the ASAMI,in pure bone transport group,bone healing:excellent 6 cases,good 6 cases,fair 2 cases,poor 1 case,excellent rate was 80％.While in combined bone transport group:excellent in 8 cases,good 6 cases,fair 1 case,excellent rate was 93.3％.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (X2=10.6,P=0.032).The lower limb function in pure bone transport group:excellent in 5 cases,good in 5,fair in 4,poor in 1,excellent rate was 66.7％;while in combined bone transport group:excellent in 6 cases,good in 7,fair in 2,excellent rate was 86.7％.There was also a significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups.Conclusion Both the pure Ilizarov bone transport technique and the Ilizarov technique with bone graft and internal fixation at the docking site could satisfactorily treat the large bone defect and shortening of the lower limb.But the latter technique had shorter healing time,higher healing rates,better limb function and fewer complications.

Factors affecting recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness following brain trauma: a logistic regression analysis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the factors that affect the recovery of consciousness in patients with disorders of consciousness following brain trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We analyzed the data of 114 patients with disorders of consciousness following brain trauma admitted for rehabilitation. Bilateral logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors that affected the recovery of the patients' consciousness. A logistic regression model was established and the ROC curve was drawn to obtain the optimal threshold of the prognostic model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Univariate analysis showed that vegetative state duration (P<0.001), CRS-R scores (P<0.001), hydrocephalus (P=0.037), hypertonia (P=0.034), central fever (P=0.035), paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) (P=0.004), and epilepsy seizures were correlated with the recovery of consciousness. Logistic multivariate analysis showed that central fever (OR=3.493, P=0.044), vegetative state duration (OR=1.016, P=0.008), PSH (OR=4.223, P=0.034) and CRS-R scores (OR=0.640, P=0.002) all significantly affected the recovery of consciousness. The χvalue of the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was 10.214 (P=0.250), and the goodness of fit of this model indicated an outstanding fitting (c=0.91).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The presence of PSH is the one of the most important factor followed by centric fever to affect the outcome of patients with disorders of consciousness. A lower CRS-R score and a longer duration of vegetative state also predict a poor recovery of consciousness in these patients.</p>

Effect of siRNA for mutant p53 gene on biological behavior of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of silencing the expression of mutant p53 gene with RNA interference technique on biological behavior of gastric cancer SGC7901 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant plasmid of mutant p53 gene-targeting siRNA was transfected into gastric cancer SGC7901 cells by Lipofectamine(TM)2000. The expressions of mutant p53 gene mRNA and protein were identified by RT-PCR and Western blot assay. The proliferation of SGC7901 cells and changes of Oxaliplatin (OXA) drug sensitivity were detected by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry. Changes in cell tumorigenicity ability were analyzed by colony formation assay and xenograft tumor formation in nude mice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of mutant p53 in SGC7901 cells was remarkable suppressed by mutant p53-siRNA. The cell growth curve of the transfected group turned to left compared to untransfected group and control group. The cell number of G(0)/G(1) phase of transfected group was decreased by 7.4% and 6.7% respectively, and that of S phase was increased both by 17.2% compared to control group and untransfected group, and the cell apoptosis rate induced by Oxaliplatin was remarkable decreased. The IC(50) of OXA in untransfected group, control group and transfected group were 15.88 μmol/L, 14.32 μmol/L and 20.34 μmol/L respectively. The colony formation rate and tumorigenicity ability in nude mice of transfected group increased remarkably.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mutant p53-siRNA can significantly inhibit the expression of mutant p53 in SGC7901 cells, however, the use of RNA interference targeting mutant p53 gene in the treatment of gastric cancer is still uncertain.</p>

Study of copper metabolism and liver damage in TX Mice-an animal model for liver disease / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To provide right time points in selection of right aged animals and the normal physiological data of TX mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>7-12 months old TX and DL mice were studied, each group contained 3 female and 3 male mice of TX or DL mice. The concentration of copper in the serum, dry tissues (liver, brain and kidney), together with copper biochemistry indexes were measured. The liver histopathology was observed under light microscopy and electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Transaminase increased significantly only in 10 and 11-month- old (AST(TX10) = 218.3 U/L, AST(TX11) = 197.5 U/L, AST(DL10) = 171.5 U/L, AST(DL11) = 165.0 U/L, P(10) less than 0.001, P(11) = 0.022), but the copper concentration of liver, brain and kidney was significantly increased during 7-12 month old (the average concentration of copper, Liver(TX) = (750.0 +/- 85.5) mg/kg, Brain(TX) = (39.7 +/- 2.2)mg/kg, Kidney(TX) = (29.8 +/- 5.0) mg/kg, Liver(DL) = (11.6 +/- 1.5) mg/kg, Brain(DL) = (16.8 +/- 0.9) mg/kg, Kidney(DL) = (14.2 +/- 1.0) mg/kg, t = 21.16, 23.60, 7.47, for all these organs P less than 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TX mice is a suitable model of liver disease with natural recovery, so selecting animal model of suitable time point is very important.</p>

Relation between mutant p53 and multidrug resistance in gastric cancer / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between mutant p53 and multidrug resistance in gastric cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mutant p53 (mp53) and mp53+sv40Tag were transferred to gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. The MDR-1 mRNA was examined using RT-PCR, and the difference in chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SGC-7901 cells with mutant p53 was compared with those with mp53+sv40Tag and controls by MTT method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SGC-7901 cells with mutant p53 showed higher MDR-1 mRNA than that of other two groups. SGC-7901 cells with mutant p53 showed higher chemotherapeutic sensitivity to 5-Fu than that with mp53+sv40Tag and control (P<0.05), but no difference between those with mp53+sv40Tag and control (P>0.05). SGC-7901 cells with mutant p53 and those with mp53+sv40Tag showed higher chemotherapeutic sensitivity to ADM than control (P<0.05), but no difference between those with mp53 and with mp53+sv40Tag (P>0.05). There was no difference in chemotherapeutic sensitivity of SGC-7901 cells with mutant p53 compared with those with mp53+sv40Tag and control to CDDP (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mutante p53 genes relates to multidrug resistance of gastric cancer.</p>

Molecular genetics and its clinical application in the diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxias / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the strategy of applying molecular genetic methods and techniques in the diagnosis of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study included 43 patients with SCA from 36 families, 38 sporadic SCA patients, 60 healthy individuals from the SCA families and 44 normal controls. The trinucleotide repeats were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining technique. The repeat numbers were calculated by software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SCA3 was the most common type in the Hans of south China, accounting for 42.0%, followed by SCA2 (7.4%), SCA1 (4.9%), SCA7 (3.7%), SCA6 (2.5%) and SCA12 (1.2%). No patient was found to have SCA8, SCA10, SCA17, and dentatorubro-pallidoluysian atrophy(DRPLA).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Molecular genetic detection is an effective way to confirmation of SCA subtype diagnosis and presymptomatic genetic diagnosis.</p>

Determination of theophylline concentration in serum by chemiluminescent immunoassay / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to establish chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) for quantitative determination of theophylline levels in human serum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To measure the concentration of theophylline (n=122) and evaluate the assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The linear range of the CLIA method was 0.51-40 mg/L (Y=1.02X+0.44, r=0.995). The intra and inter CV (coefficient variance) of CLIA were 3.20% and 3.57%, respectively. The average recovery rate was 102.3%. This method was free from interference by brilirubin (<200 micromol/L), hemoglobin (<10 g/L), and triglycerides (<15 mmol/L).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This method is simple, convenient and precise for clinical pharmacokinetics study of theophylline.</p>